Objective  To study the effect of Oviductus Ranae (OR) on gut microbiota of rats based on macrogenomic technology, and to characterize the efficacy of OR by histological techniques.

Methods  Male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group and the OR group. Rats in the OR group were gavaged daily with 200 mg·kg^-1 dose of OR homogenate, while rats in the control group were gavaged with an equal volume of saline. After 14 days, rat feces were collected for macro-genome sequencing, and the sequencing results were subjected to gene prediction, abundance analysis, species annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional annotation.

Results  OR significantly increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria at the phylum level and the class level (P<0.05), and Bifidobacteriales at the order level (P<0.05). There were differences in the Beta diversity of the intestinal flora of the two groups of rats at the phylum and genus levels. Linear discriminant analysis found 35 significantly different bacteria between two groups. The KEGG functional annotation results showed that most genes were annotated to metabolic pathways at the Level 1. The analysis of differences between groups showed that the OR group annotated the relative abundance of pathways related to the immune system, environmental adaptation and cancers changed.

Conclusion  Altering the relative abundance and diversity of rat gut microbiota and modulating lipid and amino acid metabolic pathways may be potential mechanisms for OR nutritional care and disease treatment.

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