Objective  To explore the prescription patterns and core medication characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the real-world treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods  Outpatient prescription data for NSCLC patients treated in the department of respiratory medicine at the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2023, were extracted through the Hospital Information System (HIS) to establish a standardized Chinese herbal medicine database. Latent structure models were constructed using Lantern 5.0 software, while association rule analysis was conducted with SPSS Modeler 18.0 software. Additionally, clustering analysis of high-frequency herbs was performed using SPSS 26.0 software to systematically analyse the laws of medicine identification and administration.

Results  A total of 620 TCM prescriptions involving 329 herbs were included, with a cumulative frequency of 10,461 herb applications. The most frequently used herbs were Citri Reticulatae pericarpium, Poria, Codonopsis radix, and Astragali radix. Tonifying and replenishing herbs constituted the primary category, with warm-natured and sweet-flavored herbs predominating. Most herbs targeted the lung meridian. Twenty core prescriptions, such as Xuefu Zhuyu decoction were identified. Core herb combinations included "Ligustri Lucidi fructus - Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma - Astragali radix" and "Solani nigri herba - Coicis semen - Astragali radix," primarily reflecting therapeutic strategies of supplementing Qi, nourishing yin, detoxifying, and dispersing toxins.

Conclusion  TCM prescriptions for NSCLC predominantly utilize sweet and warm-natured herbs, adhering to the principle of strengthening the body's resistance and eliminating pathogenic factors. Therapeutic approaches integrate methods such as supplementing qi and nourishing yin, clearing heat and detoxifying, and activating blood circulation and resolving stasis. Core prescriptions are derived from classical formulas like Xuefu Zhuyu decoction and Baihe Gujin decoction through syndrome differentiation. The prescription patterns and core herb groups revealed by real-world data mining provide evidence-based insights for optimizing clinical treatment strategies for NSCLC.

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