With the rising incidence of breast cancer and the widespread use of chemotherapy, the efficacy and adverse effects of chemotherapeutic agents have become a focus of attention. There is a potential association between microorganisms and breast cancer development and therapeutic response, and the potential value of probiotics with the role of regulating intestinal flora and other effects in breast cancer chemotherapy has been increasingly valued. In this paper, we review the regulatory role of intestinal flora in the efficacy of breast cancer chemotherapy and post-chemotherapy adverse reactions, predict its impact on chemotherapeutic effects and adverse reactions to chemotherapy, and focus on the positive role of probiotics in improving post-chemotherapeutic adverse reactions to breast cancer chemotherapy, to provide the scientific basis for the improvement of the quality of life of breast cancer patients, optimization of the chemotherapy regimen for breast cancer, and enhancement of the comprehensive effect of chemotherapy for breast cancer.

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