A 64-year-old male patient was treated with pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy for lung cancer. Following the intravenous administration of 200 mg of pembrolizumab, the patient abruptly developed symptoms including chest tightness, dyspnea, profuse sweating, erythema and pruritus localized to the neck and chest, encopresis, and hypotension. The infusion of pembrolizumab was immediately stopped, and the patient was monitored with an ECG, given oxygen, and injected with 5 mg of dexamethasone and 12.50 mg of diphenhydramine. Intravenous infusion of 20 mg of metaraminol was also given, the patient's symptoms improved and the condition stabilized. According to Naranjo's Assessment Scale, the correlation score was evaluated as probably relevant. This article analyzes the mechanism and treatment principles of anaphylaxis induced by pembrolizumab injection, providing a reference for safe clinical medication.

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