A patient with osteomyelitis who developed a rash after previous treatment with vancomycin was admitted to the hospital due to a recurrence of osteomyelitis. After admission, the orthopedic doctor intended to perform a "calcium sulfate vancomycin implantation surgery" on him. Clinical pharmacist identified the patient's previous rash reaction as red man syndrome (RMS) rather than genuine drug allergy. At the same time, in response to the clinical doubt of whether patients with previous RMS can undergo "calcium sulfate vancomycin implantation surgery", clinical pharmacists reviewed and analyzed the literature, and suggested that the surgery can continue under close monitoring. The patient did not experience RMS or allergic reactions after surgery, and the condition improved. In this paper, the clinical pharmacists started with the identification of RMS and rapid allergic reactions, reviewed the literature on the local use of vancomycin and the risk of RMS, and provide suggestions for subsequent treatment, and also provide references for clinical safe drug use and treatment of similar diseases.

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