Objective To explore the predictive value of leukocyte-related indicators and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) for the therapeutic efficacy of cefaclor in patients with pneumonia after liver cancer surgery.

Methods Patients with secondary pneumonia after liver cancer surgery admitted to Yiwu Central Hospital from January 2023 to December 2024 were enrolled as the study subjects. Before treatment, leukocyte-related indicators [neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR)] and serum IL-6 levels were measured. All patients received cefaclor treatment, and the treatment effect was evaluated after the end of treatment. The leukocyte-related indicators and serum IL-6 before treatment were compared among patients with different efficacies. Spearman correlation analysis was utilized to analyze the correlation between leukocyte-related indicators and serum IL-6 and efficacy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to analyze the predictive value of leukocyte-related indicators and serum IL-6 for efficacy.

Results A total of 120 patients were included, with the treatment efficacy rate was 80.00%. The NLR (1.56±0.44 vs. 2.27±0.90, P<0.05), PLR (408.35±29.88 vs. 449.25±44.58, P<0.05), MLR (0.33±0.08 vs. 0.56±0.19, P<0.05), and IL-6 (151.84±31.10 vs. 305.06±69.23 pg/mL, P<0.05) in the effective group were significantly lower than those in the ineffective group. Spearman correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlations between NLR, PLR, MLR, IL-6, and treatment efficacy (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the areas under the curve (AUCs) for NLR, PLR, MLR, and IL-6 in predicting efficacy were 0.802, 0.948, 0.893, and 0.927, respectively. The AUC for the combination of all four indices was 0.982.

Conclusion Before treatment, leukocyte-related indicators NLR, PLR, MLR and IL-6 have a certain predictive value for the efficacy of cefaclor in patients with pneumonia after liver cancer surgery, and the combination of the four indicators can improve discriminatory power, providing a reference for early clinical efficacy evaluation.

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