Objective To identify barriers to standard use of intravenous therapy in pediatric inpatients from the perspectives of families and healthcare professionals, and to provide evidence for optimizing pharmaceutical care.

Methods A self-administered anonymous questionnaire was used to survey family members of hospitalized pediatric patients and healthcare professionals at Xiamen Children's Hospital from May to June 2024. Family members' perceptions of the efficacy, risks, and indications of intravenous therapy, as well as their behavioral characteristics were assessed and healthcare professionals' infusion practices and views were investigated. Logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing family members' risk perception.

Results The final sample comprised 127 participants in the family member group and 183 in the healthcare professional group. Family members had discrepant expectations of therapeutic efficacy and showed insufficient risk awareness: 52.76% correctly rejected the statement that "regular infusions help clear blood vessels"; 38.58% correctly rejected the statement that "large-volume intravenous infusion carries no risk"; and 84.25% agreed that "excessive infusion volume or an accelerated drip rate can lead to adverse consequences." Understanding of adverse reactions to infusions was the main factor significantly associated with adequate risk perception among family members[OR=2.44, 95%CI (1.16,5.21), P=0.018]. Of the healthcare professionals, 53.55% had experienced safety incidents related to intravenous infusion. While 92.90% expressed general agreement with the principle prioritizing oral over intramuscular administration and intramuscular over intravenous administration, only 56.83% reported consistent adherence to this principle in practice. The primary reason cited by healthcare professionals for choosing intravenous therapy was the child's inability to take medication orally due to their condition (92.35%), followed by poor oral adherence (76.50%) and no suitable oral dosage form for children (67.76%).

Conclusions Risk perception bias on the part of family members, communication pressure on healthcare professionals, and limited availability of child-friendly oral formulations are the primary barriers to the appropriate use of intravenous therapy in pediatric settings. Clinical pharmacists should play a more active role in medication education, communication support, and counselling on formulation selection.

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