Welcome to visit Zhongnan Medical Journal Press Series journal website!

Home Articles Vol 32,2023 No.10 Detail

Research progress on pharmacological effects of compatible preparations of Epimedium brevicornu in the treatment of geriatric diseases

Published on Oct. 26, 2023Total Views: 2763 times Total Downloads: 922 times Download Mobile

Author: Yu CHEN Li-Ning YANG Jia-Li LU You-Qin SHI Yang LI Xin ZHANG

Affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Second Provincial Peoples Hospital of Gansu, Lanzhou 730000, China

Keywords: Epimedium brevicornu Geriatric diseases Active ingredients Pharmacological effects

DOI: 10.19960/j.issn.1005-0698.202310009

Reference: Yu CHEN, Li-Ning YANG, Jia-Li LU, You-Qin SHI, Yang LI, Xin ZHANG.Research progress on pharmacological effects of compatible preparations of Epimedium brevicornu in the treatment of geriatric diseases[J].Yaowu Liuxingbingxue Zazhi,2023, 32(10): 1158-1169.DOI: 10.19960/j.issn.1005-0698.202310009.[Article in Chinese]

  • Abstract
  • Full-text
  • References
Abstract

Epimedium brevicornu is a dry leaf of berberidae, which is often used in kidney Yang deficiency. Traditional Chinese medicine takes full account of the characteristics of drugs to form prescriptions in a principle which is named Monarch, Minister, Assistant and Guide. Rational compatibility or prescription can not only increase curative effect, but also reduce adverse reactions. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is called "Xiangshu" and "Xiangzhi". The aging of Chinese population has become an increasingly serious social problem. Osteoporosis and other geriatric diseases are always bothering the elderly. In recent years, many scholars have made more in-depth research on the compatibility of epimedium and its active ingredients for the prevention and treatment of geriatric diseases, but there is a lack of comprehensive arrangement of such research. Therefore, this paper summarizes the research progress of the compatible preparations of epimedium and its active components in the treatment of osteoporosis, sexual dysfunction, and dementia by analyzing the literature in this decade, so as to provide reference for the development and application of Epimedium preparations in the treatment of geriatric diseases and provide ideas for the compatibility research of traditional Chinese medicine.

Full-text
Please download the PDF version to read the full text: download
References

1.中国药典 2020年版. 一部 [S]. 2020: 340.

2.Wu B, Xiao X, Li SS, et al. Transcriptomics and metabonomics of the anti-aging properties of total flavones of Epimedium in relation to lipid metabolism[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2019, 229: 73-80. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep. 2018.09.039.

3.Fan C, Yang Y, Liu Y, et al. ICA displays anticancer activity against human esophageal cancer cells via regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptotic signaling[J]. Sci Rep, 2016, 6(1): 1-15. DOI: 10.1038/srep21145.

4.Chen B, Niu SP, Wang ZY, et al. Local administration of icariin contributes to peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery[J]. Neural Regen Res, 2015, 10(1): 84-89. DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.150711.

5.Kou Y, Wang Z, Wu Z, et al. Epimedium extract promotes peripheral nerve regeneration in rats[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013, 2013: 954798. DOI: 10.1155/2013/954798.

6.Yan N, Wen DS, Zhao YR, et al. Epimedium sagittatum inhibits TLR4/MD-2 mediated NF-κB signaling pathway with anti-inflammatory activity[J]. BMC Complement Altern Med, 2018, 18(1): 303-318. DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2363-x.

7.Zhang L, Xu AL, Yang S, et al. In vitro screening and toxic mechanism exploring of leading components with potential hepatotoxicity of Herba Epimedii extracts[J]. Toxicol In Vitro, 2020, 62: 104660. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104660.

8.Hwang YH, Yang HJ, Yim NH, et al. Genetic toxicity of Epimedium koreanum Nakai[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2017, 198: 87-90. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.050.

9.Qiu J. Traditional medicine: a culture in the balance[J].

Nature, 2007, 448(7150): 126-128. DOI: 10.1038/448126a.

10.Spinella M. The importance of pharmacological synergy in psychoactive herbal medicines[J]. Altern Med Rev, 2002, 7(2): 130-137. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ 11991792/.

11.Ung CY, Li H, Cao ZW, et al. Are herb-pairs of traditional Chinese medicine distinguishable from others? Pattern analysis and artificial intelligence classification study of traditionally defined herbal properties[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2007, 111: 371-377. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep. 2006.11.037.

12.王凌, 尤鸿美, 潘雪银, 等. 老年性疾病通过cGAS-STING通路调控衰老相关分泌表型[J]. 中国药理学通报, 2021, 37(4): 450-454. [Wang L, You HM, Pan XY, et al. Senile disease regulates aging-related secretion phenotype through cGAS-STING pathway[J]. Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin, 2021, 37(4): 450-454.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1978.2021.04.002.

13.Qadir A, Liang S, Wu Z, et al. Senile osteoporosis: the involvement of differentiation and senescence of bone marrow stromal cells[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(1): 349. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010349.

14.Hoang CL, Ha GH, Pham KTH, et al. Global mapping of interventions to improve quality of life of patients with Alzheimer's disease during 1990-2018[J]. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 2019, 48(5-6): 221-233. DOI: 10.1159/000505741.

15.Camacho ME, Reyes-Ortiz CA. Sexual dysfunction in the elderly: age or disease?[J]. Int J Impot Res, 2005, 17(1): S52-S56. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901429.

16.葛继荣, 王和鸣,  郑洪新, 等. 中医药防治原发性骨质疏松症专家共识(2020)[J]. 中国骨质疏松杂志, 2020, 26(12): 1717-1725. [Ge JR, Wang HM, Zheng HX, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine expert consensus on the prevention and treatment of primary osteoporosis (2020)[J]. Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis, 2020, 26(12): 1717-1725.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7108.2020.12.001.

17.陈锋, 章晓云, 陈跃平, 等. 基于网络药理学及生物信息学研究骨碎补-淫羊藿治疗骨质疏松的作用机制[J]. 中国骨质疏松杂志, 2021, 27(5): 727-734. [Chen F, Zhang XY, Chen YP, et al. Study on the mechanism of the Drynariae Rhizoma-Epimedii Folium in the treatment of osteoporosis based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics[J]. Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis, 2021, 27(5): 727-734.] DOI: 10. 3969 /j. issn. 1006-7108.

18.Rebhun JF, Du Q, Hood M, et al. Evaluation of selected traditional Chinese medical extracts for bone mineral density maintenance: a mechanistic study[J]. J Tradit Complement Med, 2018, 9(3): 227-235. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.07.004.

19.郑自然, 唐仕欢. 骨质疏松症与骨性关节炎中医治疗方剂用药规律比较分析[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2014, 39(16): 3172-3175. [Zheng ZR, Tang SH. Comparative analysis on composition principles of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for osteoporosis and osteoarthritis[J]. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 2014, 39(16): 3172-3175.] DOI: 10. 4268 /cjcmm20141633.

20.杜鹏, 肖润梅, 陈勇. 淫羊藿总黄酮、杜仲总黄酮对维甲酸所致小鼠骨质疏松的实验研究[J]. 湖北大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 27(4): 392-394. [Du P, Xiao RM, Chen Y. Effects of Epimedium sagittatum flavonoids and Eucommia ulmoides flavonoids on osteoporosis mice induced by retinoic acid[J]. Journal of Hubei University (Natural Science Edition), 2005, 27(4): 392-394.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2375.2005.04.024.

21.Li JC, Liang XZ, Luo D, et al. Study on the molecular mechanism of BuShenHuoXue capsule in treatment of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head[J]. Ann Transl Med, 2020, 8(24): 1680. DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7040.

22.张凌风, 洪雅丹, 骆媱, 等. HPLC法测定杜仲-淫羊藿药对中8个化学成分的含量[J]. 药物分析杂志, 2019, 39(5): 772-779. [Zhang LF, Hong YD, Luo Y, et al . Simultaneous determination of eight ingredients in drug pair of Eucommiae Cortex and Epimedii Folium by HPLC[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2019, 39(5): 772-779.] DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2019.05.02.

23.Jihnell O, Kanis J. Epidemiology of osteoporotic fractures[J]. Osteoporos Int, 2005, 16 (Suppl 2): S3-7. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-004-1702-6.

24.Chen Y, Li X, Tang X, et al. Combined extracts of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi rebalance bone remodeling in ovariectomized rats[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2019: 1596951. DOI: 10.1155/2019/1596951.

25.唐秀凤, 高莹莹, 李晓曦, 等. 淫羊藿女贞子配伍对自然衰老骨质疏松大鼠骨调节因子表达的影响研究[J]. 时珍国医国药,2021, 32(3): 529-532. [Tang XF, Gao YY, Li XX, et al . Effects of the combination of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi on bone regulatory factor in senile osteoporosis rats[J]. Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research, 2021, 32(3): 529-532.] DOI: 10.3969 /j. issn. 1008-0805.

26.Yang Y, Nian H, Tang X, et al. Effects of the combined Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi on bone turnover and TGF-β1/Smads pathway in GIOP rats[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2017, 201: 91-99. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.033.

27.Liu RH, Kang X, Xu LP, et al. Effects of the combined extracts of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi on bone mineral content and bone turnover in osteoporotic rats[J]. BMC Complement Altern Med, 2015, 15: 112-117. DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0641-4.

28.陈浩凡, 林秋雄, 李宗文, 等.钙联合淫羊藿及女贞子对低骨密度大鼠的改善作用研究[J].中国药师, 2020, 23(12): 2403-2408. [Chen HF, Lin QQ, Li ZW, et al. Ameliorative effect of calcium combined with Epimedium and Fructus Ligustri ligustri in rats with low bone density[J]. China Pharmacist, 2020, 23(12): 2403-2408.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-049X.

29.Xue L, Wang Y, Jiang Y, et al. Comparative effects of er-xian decoction, Epimedium herbs, and icariin with estrogen on bone and reproductive tissue in ovariectomized rats[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012: 241416. DOI: 10.1155/2012/241416.

30.Wong KC, Lee KS, Luk HK, et al. Er-xian decoction exerts estrogen-like osteoprotective effects in vivo and in vitro[J]. Am J Chin Med, 2014, 42(2): 409-426. DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X1450027X.

31.Wang N, Xin H, Xu P, et al. Erxian decoction attenuates TNF-α induced osteoblast apoptosis by modulating the Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2019, 10: 988.  DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00988.

32.Yang L, Fan L, Wang K, et al. Analysis of molecular mechanism of erxian decoction in treating osteoporosis based on formula optimization model[J]. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2021, 2021: 6641838. DOI: 10.1155/2021/ 6641838.

33.Wang N, Xu P, Wang X, et al. Integrated pathological cell fishing and network pharmacology approach to investigate main active components of Er-Xian decotion for treating osteoporosis[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2019, 241: 111977. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111977.

34.孔令岩, 柴仪, 李倩, 等. 淫羊藿总黄酮和黄芪多糖配伍对骨质疏松大鼠的保护作用[J]. 中国中医骨伤科杂志, 2021, 29(4): 24-26, 31. [Kong LY, Chai Y, Li Q, et al. Protective effect of the compatibility of Epimedium Flavonoids and Astragalus polysaccharides on osteoporosis rats[J]. Chinese Journal of Traditional Medical Traumatology & Orthopedics, 2021, 29(4): 24-26, 31.] https://doc.taixueshu.com/journal/20210045zgzygsk.html.

35.罗毅, 杨俊, 马郁文, 等. 高效液相色谱法测定淫羊藿与黄芪配伍后淫羊藿苷煎出量的变化[J]. 中国医院药学杂志, 2006, 26(3): 362-363. [Luo Y, Yang J, Ma WY, et al. Determination of the changes in the decocted amount of icariin after the compatibility of Epimedium and Astragalus by HPLC[J]. Chinese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 2006, 26(3): 362-363.] DOI: 10.3321/j.issn: 1001-5213.2006.03.063.

36.Chen Y, Bai R, Chen W, et al. Zhuang-Gu-Fang treats osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats by increasing the osteogenesis-related factors Leptin, Ghrelin, and PYY[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2020, 2020: 8164064. DOI: 10.1155/2020/8164064.

37.Xie QF, Xie JH, Dong TT, et al. Effect of a derived herbal recipe from an ancient Chinese formula, Danggui Buxue Tang, on ovariectomized rats[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2012, 144(3): 567-575. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.041.

38.王晶, 于跃怡, 杨宏伟, 等. 路易体痴呆与阿尔茨海默病中医证候及脑葡萄糖代谢对比研究[J]. 北京中医药大学学报, 2023, 46(3): 397-405. [Wang J, Yu YY, Yang HW, et al. Comparison of traditional Chinese medicine patterns and brain glucose metabolism between dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2023, 46(3): 397-405.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2157.2023. 03.017.

39.Zheng M, Qu L, Lou Y. Effects of icariin combined with Panax notoginseng saponins on ischemia reperfusion-induced cognitive impairments related with oxidative stress and CA1 of hippocampal neurons in rat[J]. Phytother Res, 2008, 22(5): 597-604. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2276.

40.Zhang T, Zhang Z, Dong K, et al. Yizhijiannao Granule and a combination of its effective monomers, icariin and Panax notoginseng saponins, inhibit early PC12 cell apoptosis induced by beta-amyloid (25-35)[J]. Neural Regen Res, 2012, 7(24): 1845-1850. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374. 2012.24.001.

41.Zhang T, Dong K, Xiao L, et al. Effects of Co-administration of icariin and panax notoginseng saponins on intestinal microbiota and hippocampal protein expression in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease[J]. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 2020, 16: 2169-2179. DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S253972.

42.王发渭, 郝爱真, 王治宽, 等. 人参和淫羊藿复方中药治疗血管性痴呆的作用途径[J]. 中国临床康复, 2006, 10(31): 152-153. [Wang FW, Hao AZ, Wang ZK, et al. Mechanism of compound ginseng and epimedium in the treatment of vascular dementia[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2006, 10(31): 152-153.] DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1673-8225.2006.31.063.

43.郑彩霞, 李喜平, 陈丽萍. 人参总皂苷联合淫羊藿苷对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆及海马神经细胞凋亡的影响研究[J]. 中国药师,2014, 17(9): 1444-1447. [Zheng CX, Li XP, Chen LP. Effects of total Saponins of Panax Ginseng combined with icariin on learning, memory and apoptosis of hippocampal neural cells in vascular dementia rats[J]. China Pharmacist, 2014, 17(9): 1444-1447.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-049X.2014.09.002.

44.Tian J, Shi J, Zhang L, et al. GEPT extract reduces Abeta deposition by regulating the balance between production and degradation of Abeta in APPV717I transgenic mice[J]. Curr Alzheimer Res, 2009, 6(2): 118-131. DOI: 10.2174/156720509787602942.

45.Shi J, Tian J, Zhang X, et al. A combination extract of ginseng, epimedium, polygala, and tuber curcumae increases synaptophysin expression in APPV717I transgenic mice[J]. Chin Med, 2012, 7(1): 13-14. DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-7-13.

46.Liu Z, Qain G, Mana L, et al. GAPT regulates cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress in the brains of learning and memory impairment mice induced by scopolamine[J]. Brain Behav, 2020, 10(5): e01602. DOI: 10.1002/brb3. 1602.

47.Ni JN, Shi J, Zhang X K, et al. Effect of GAPT extract on expression of tau protein and its phosphorylation related enzymes in hippocampal neurons of APPV717I transgenic mice[J]. Chin J Integr Med, 2017, 23(8): 605-610. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2545-7.

48.Mana L, Feng H, Dong Y, et al. Effect of Chinese herbal compound GAPT on the early brain glucose metabolism of APP/PS1 transgenic mice[J]. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol, 2019, 33: 1-13. DOI: 10.1177/ 2058738419841482.

49.Dong XH, Gao WJ, Kong WN, et al. Neuroprotective effect of the active components of three Chinese herbs on brain iron load in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease[J]. Exp Ther Med, 2015, 9(4): 1319-1327. DOI: 10.3892/etm. 2015.2234.

50.Dong XH, Ma DX, Zhang TC, et al. The effect of TCM-induced HAMP on key enzymes in the hydrolysis of AD model cells[J]. Neurochem Res, 2021, 46(5): 1068-1080. DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03235-y.

51.Yu W, An S, Shao T, Xu H, et al. Active compounds of herbs ameliorate impaired cognition in APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease[J]. Aging (Albany NY), 2019, 11(23): 11186-11201. DOI: 10.18632/aging.102522.

52.Wang N, Wang H, Pan Q, et al. The combination of β-asarone and icariin inhibits amyloid-β and reverses cognitive deficits by promoting mitophagy in models of Alzheimer's disease[J]. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2021, 2021: 7158444. DOI: 10.1155/2021/7158444.

53.Yan B, Wang JB, Tian GQ. Efficacy of quercetin, oleanolic acid, icariin on apoptosis and mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathways in hippocampal neurons of Sprague-Dawley rats cultured with high glucose medium[J]. J Tradit Chin Med, 2021, 41(5): 732-738. DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2021.05.008.

54.Shamloul R, Ghanem H. Erectile dysfunction[J]. Lancet, 2013, 381(9861): 153-165. DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2019. 02.006.

55.张圭珍, 霍巧玲, 王继升, 等. 网络药理学探讨淫羊藿-巴戟天药对治疗勃起功能障碍的潜在机制[J]. 世界中医药, 2021, 16(15): 2275-2281. [Zhang GZ, Huo QL, Wang JS, et al. mechanism research of Epimedium-Morinda in treating erectile dysfunction based on network pharmacological method[J]. World Chinese Medicine, 2021, 16(15): 2275-2281.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673- 7202.2021.15.01

56.Paik HJ, Choe S, Park NC. Effects of Korean red ginseng on semen parameters in male infertility patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical study[J]. Chin J Integr Med, 2016, 22(7): 490-495. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2139-9.

57.Qinna N, Taha H, Matalka KZ, et al. A new herbal combination, Etana, for enhancing erectile function: an efficacy and safety study in animals[J]. Int J Impot Res, 2009, 21(5): 315-230. DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2009.18.

58.Pan X, Wang X, Wang X, et al. Protective effects of new Wenshen Shengjing Decoction on cyclosporine-induced impairment of testosterone synthesis and spermatogenic apoptosis[J]. Exp Ther Med, 2018, 15(1): 813-821. DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5473.

59.黄英, 魏辉, 程志刚, 等. 人参淫羊藿肠溶胶囊联合坦索罗辛治疗ⅢB型前列腺炎的疗效观察[J]. 中外医学研究, 2015, 13(10): 8-10. [Huang Y, Wei H, Cheng ZG, et al. Clinical effect of Ginseng Epimedium nnteric capsules and tamsuiosin in the treatment of type ⅢB prostatitis[J]. Chinese and Foreign Medical Research, 2015, 13(10): 8-10.] DOI: 10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2015.10.004.

60.余宏亮, 常明秀, 曹恒海, 等. 人参皂苷CK、淫羊藿苷对体外培养精子的剂量负荷试验[J]. 中国工程科学, 2015, 17(6): 86-88. [Yu HL, Chang XM, Cao HH, et al. The lethal dose test of Ginsenoside CK and icraiin for sperm in vitro[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2015, 17(6): 86-88.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-1742.2015.06.019.

61.刘波, 李叶子, 吴琪, 等. 二仙汤对环磷酰胺致少精子症模型小鼠生殖功能的影响[J]. 中华男科学杂志,  2018, 24(6): 547-552. [Liu B, Li YZ, Wu Q, et al. Effect of erxian decoction on cyclophosphamide-induced oligospermia in mice[J]. National Journal of Andrology, 2018, 24(6): 547-552.] DOI: 10.13263/j.cnki.nja.2018.06. 012.

62.Liu SM, Yao WL, Li CX, et al. Er-Xian decoction exhibits protective activity in a rat model of asthenospermia through a mechanism associated with DJ-1 protein upregulation[J]. J Physiol Pharmacol, 2021, 72(1): 97-103. DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2021.1.10.

63.Park HJ, Koo YK, Park MJ, et al. Restoration of spermatogenesis using a new combined herbal formula of Epimedium koreanum Nakai and Angelica gigas Nakai in an luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist-induced rat model of male infertility[J]. World J Mens Health, 2017, 35(3): 170-177. DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.17031.

64.Li L, Chen B, An T, et al. BaZiBuShen alleviates altered testicular morphology and spermatogenesis and modulates Sirt6/P53 and Sirt6/NF-κB pathways in aging mice induced by D-galactose and NaNO2[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2021, 271: 113810. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113810.

65.Zhang H, Liu Y, Rao L, et al. Upregulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas receptor axis by a combination of Yinyanghuo (Herba Epimedii Brevicornus) and Cheqianzi (Semen Plantaginis) improves erectile function in spontaneously hypertensive rats[J]. J Tradit Chin Med, 2020, 40(5): 836-844. DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2020.05.014.

66.Li Y, Jiang J, He Y, et al. Icariin combined with breviscapine improves the erectile function of spontaneously hypertensive rats[J]. J Sex Me, 2014, 11(9): 2143-2152. DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12614.

67.Nishimasue H, Kitamura T, Yamada D, et al. Improvement of symptoms of aging in males by a preparation LEOPIN ROYAL containing aged garlic extract and other five of natural medicines-comparison with traditional herbal medicines (Kampo)[J]. Aging Male, 2014, 17(2): 112-116. DOI: 10.3109/13685538.2013.771328.

68.Punyawudho B, Puttilerpong C, Wirotsaengthong S, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of Cappra® for the treatment of mild or mild to moderate erectile dysfunction in Thai male[J]. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 2012, 10(2): 310-315. DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v10i2.16.

Popular papers
Last 6 months