Objective To investigate the current status of knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) of safe medication use among permanent residents in Ningxia, and analyze the influencing factors, to provide a basis for formulating targeted intervention measures and effectively implement community pharmacy services.

Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to  conduct a KAP questionnaire survey on the risk of medication behavior among permanent residents aged 18 and above in five prefecture-level cities of Ningxia from April to July 2024. The influencing factors of medication safety were analyzed by using single factor analysis combined with multiple linear regression analysis.

Results A total of 500 valid questionnaires were collected. The final median scores of medication knowledge, medication attitudes, and medication behaviors were 64.00 (56.00, 76.00), 30.00 (27.00, 33.00) and 57.00 (50.00, 64.00) points, respectively. Medication knowledge and medication behavior scores were generally good, while medication attitude scores were passable. There were statistically significant differences in medication knowledge, attitudes, and behavior scores among residents in the five prefecture-level cities (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the factors influencing medication knowledge included gender, age, medical insurance status, education level, employment status, and occupation; the factors influencing medication attitude included gender, age, education level, employment status, and occupation; and the factors influencing medication behavior included place of residence and education level (P<0.05). Education level had a significant impact on residents' medication knowledge, medication attitude, and medication behavior.

Conclusion The medication knowledge and practice among permanent residents in Ningxia are generally good; however, risky medication behaviors and deficiencies in medication knowledge and attitudes still exist, with variations across different prefecture-level cities. It is recommended that future medication safety education campaigns focus on the elderly and less educated populations, and develop differentiated intervention measures tailored to each prefecture-level city.

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