Appropriate data sources are the cornerstone of pharmacoepidemiological research. Based on the Guide on Methodological Standards in Pharmacoepidemiology in China (2nd edition), hereinafter referred to as "the Guideline (2nd edition)", this article provides an in-depth interpretation of the classification and selection of data sources in pharmacoepidemiological research. It begins with a brief overview of the evolution of data sources in pharmacoepidemiological studies, followed by a detailed analysis of the definitions, applicable scopes, conditions of use, and strengthens and limitations of primary and secondary data sources. It further introduces the characteristics of common data sources and relevant classic domestic and international databases. Subsequently, integrating aspects of the Guideline (2nd edition), including research questions, study design, study population, sample size, exposure or intervention, outcomes, and covariates, the article discusses the criteria and strategies for choosing data sources in pharmacoepidemiological research. Ultimately, a data source selection methodology is established based on clear classification, guided by research questions, tailored to research methods, and supported by data quality, aiming to promote the development of high-quality pharmacoepidemiological research in China.

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