Objective  Under the background of national centralized procurement, to understand the problems and needs faced by nurses in the drug identification process, and to provide a basis for formulating targeted intervention measures.

Methods  Nurses from a tertiary hospital in Hubei province were selected as interviewees using purposive sampling from June to September in 2024. Semi-structured interviews method were conducted with the respondents on a one-on-one basis, and the interview data were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis method.

Results  The experience of nurses in drug identification could be summarized into two themes: increased risk of drug identification errors, and bearing complex psychological burdens. The demands of nurses for drug identification could be summarized into three themes: enhancing the ability of safe identification; innovation-driven drug identification management; and optimizing the environment for medication safety.

Conclusion  Under the background of centralized procurement, the update pace of clinically used drugs has accelerated, which has increased the difficulty for nurses in identifying drugs, and there is a negative psychological experience during the drug identification. Nursing managers should pay attention to the experiences and needs of nurses, and start from multiple dimensions such as theoretical knowledge training, improvement of professional ethics, innovation driven drug identification and management, and optimization of drug safety environment, to help clinical nurses obtain positive experiences in drug identification, reduce the risk of drug identification errors, and enhance the safety guarantee of drug identification.

1.傅鸿鹏. 药品集中招标采购的发展和展望[J]. 中国医疗保险, 2020(3): 32-36. [Fu HP. Development and prospect of centralized drug procurement[J]. China Health Insurance, 2020(3): 32-36.] DOI: 10.19546/j.issn.1674-3830.2020.3.011.

2.王浩扬, 韩悦, 谢金平, 等. 国家药品集中带量采购及接续政策对药品用量、价格及费用的影响研究[J]. 中国卫生经济, 2024, 43(10): 31-37. [Wang HY, Han Y, Xie JP, et al. The impact of national pharmaceutical centralized purchase and continuation policies on drug usage, prices and costs[J]. Chinese Health Economics, 2024, 43(10): 31-37.] https://link.cnki.net/urlid/23.1042.F.20241025.1623.026.

3.邵蓉, 谢金平, 蒋蓉. 美国集团采购组织分析及对我国药品采购的启示[J]. 中国卫生政策研究, 2014, 7(6): 35-40. [Shao R, Xie JP, Jiang R. Analysis on the group purchasing organizations in the United States and its implications for Chinese drug procurement[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Policy, 2014, 7(6): 35-40.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-2982.2014.06.007.

4.Costantino RC. The U.S. medicine chest: Understanding the U.S. pharmaceutical supply chain and the role of the pharmacist[J]. J Am Pharm Assoc, 61(1): e87-e92. DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2020.07.018.

5.王小万, 陈丽萍, 刘丽杭. 英国国民卫生服务制度(NHS)的结构性改革与治理模式[J]. 中国卫生政策研究, 2017, 10(11): 27-35. [Wang XW, Chen LP, Liu LH. Study on structural reform and governance models of national health service in UK[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Policy, 2017, 10(11): 27-35.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-2982.2017.11.005.

6.宋菲, 陈昊, 王晨舟, 等. 国家药品集采对儿童用药供应保障的影响分析[J]. 卫生经济研究, 2024, 41(10): 10-14, 19. [Song F, Chen H, Wang CZ, et al. Analysis of the impact of national centralized volume-based procurement of drugs on the supply guarantee of children's drugs[J]. Health Economics Research, 2024, 41(10): 10-14, 19.] DOI: 10.14055/j.cnki.33-1056/f.2024.10.008.

7.李雅琴, 刘华, 王芳, 等. 医院集中带量采购品种可替代药品监测和精细化管理探索[J]. 中国药业, 2024, 33(20): 1-6. [Li YQ, Liu H, Wang F, et al. Exploration of monitoring and refined management of alternative medicines for centralized-procurement varieties in the hospital[J]. China Pharmaceuticals, 2024, 33(20): 1-6.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-4931.2024.20.001.

8.马枋婷, 常峰, 路云, 等. 我国药品集中带量采购政策执行情况分析[J]. 卫生经济研究, 2023, 40(7): 17-19, 24. [Ma FT, Chang F, LU Y, et al. Analysis of the implementation of national centraIized drug procurement policy in China[J]. Health Economics Research, 2023, 40(7): 17-19, 24.] DOI: 10.14055/j.cnki.33-1056/f.2023.07.017.

9.徐菲飞, 边原, 韩勇, 等. 国家重点监控药品合理用药管理规范[J]. 中国药房, 2023, 34(19): 2305-2310. [Xu FF, Bian Y, Han Y, et al. Rational use management standards of national key monitoring drug[J]. China Pharmacy, 2023, 34(19): 2305-2310.] DOI: 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.19.01.

10.王文睿, 谢金平, 邵蓉. 基于PDB数据的国家药品集中采购政策对调血脂药品市场格局的影响研究[J]. 中国卫生经济, 2023, 42(3): 1-5. [Wang WR, Xie JP, Shao R. Research on the impact of national drug centralized procurement policy on the structure of lipid-regulating drugs analysis based on PDB data[J]. Chinese Health Economic, 2023, 42(3): 1-5.] https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/zgwsjj202303001.

11.陈杨, 淡重辉, 何瑶, 等. 基于莱文斯坦距离的易混淆药品目录自动生成算法及软件实现[J]. 中国药房, 2024, 35(15): 1899-1904. [Chen Y, Dan CH, He Y, et al. Software implementation of levenshtein distance-based algorithm for automatically generating easily confused drug catalogs[J].China Pharmacy, 2024, 35(15): 1899-1904.] DOI: 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2024.15.17.

12.吕盈, 田野, 沈丽. 全自动单剂量锭剂分包机在我院的应用[J]. 实用药物与临床, 2024, 27(12): 958-960. [Lyu Y, Tian Y, Shen L. Application of the fully automated single-dose tablet packaging machine in our hospital[J]. Practical Pharmacy and Clinical Remedies, 2024, 27(12): 958-960.] DOI: 10.14053/j.cnki.ppcr.202412016.

13.郑学海, 邓艾平, 赖永继, 等. 基于全流程药品追溯智慧中心药房的建设与实践[J].中国医院药学杂志, 2025, 45(8): 933-938. [Zheng XH, Deng AP, Lai YJ, et al. Construction and practice of a smart center pharmacy based on the full-process drug traceability[J]. Chinese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 2025, 45(8): 933-938.] DOI: 10.13286/j.1001-5213.2025.08.13.

14.孙志洪, 赵少良, 周芙蓉, 等.多工位配药机器人用于静脉输液调配的经济学评价[J]. 药物流行病学杂志, 2024, 33(12): 1375-1381. [Sun ZH, Zhao SL, Zhou FR, et al. Economic evaluation of multi-station drug dispensing robots for intravenous infusion preparation[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmacoepidemiology, 2024, 33(12): 1375-1381.] DOI: 10.12173/j.issn.1005-0698.202407023.

15.刘丹, 刘吉芳, 龙葵英, 等. 国家组织药品集中采购和医保谈判政策对公立医疗机构与社会药房的影响[J]. 中国药业, 2024, 33(20): 12-15. [Liu D, Liu JF, Long KY, et al. Effect of national-centralized drug procurement and national medical-insurance negotiation policies on public medical institutions and social pharmacies[J].China Pharmaceuticals, 2024, 33(20): 12-15.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-4931.2024.20.003.

16.岳丽青, 钱招昕, 李冰玉, 等. 护士用药安全管理实践现状与思考[J].中国护理管理, 2024, 24(3): 321-325. [Yue LQ, Qian ZX, Li BY, et al. Status and prospect of medication safety management practices for nurses[J]. Chinese Nursing Management, 2024, 24(3): 321-325.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-1756. 2024.03.001.

17.Bişkin Çetin S, Cebeci F. Perceptions of clinical nurses about the causes of medication administration errors: a cross-sectional study[J]. Florence Nightingale J Nurs, 2021, 29(1): 56-64. DOI: 10.5152/FNJN.2021.19135.

18.You MA, Choe MH, Park GO, et al. Perceptions regarding medication administration errors among hospital staff nurses of South Korea[J]. Int J Qual Health Care, 2015, 27(4): 276-283. DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzv036.

19.Xu C, Li G, Ye N, et al. An intervention to improve inpatient medication management: a before and after study[J]. J Nurs Manag, 2014, 22(3): 286-294. DOI: 10.1111/jonm.12231.

20.席新学, 胡露红, 吴德芳. 临床用药安全核查项目管理的研究[J]. 护理学杂志, 2019, 34(18): 87-90. [Xi XX, Hu LH, Wu DF. Strategies to improve checking procedures during medication administration[J]. Journal of Nursing Science, 2019, 34(18): 87-90.] DOI: 10.3870/j.issn.1001-4152.2019.18.087.

21.Adhikari R, Tocher J, Smith P, et al. A multi-disciplinary approach to medication safety and the implication for nursing education and practice[J]. Nurse Educ Today, 2014, 34(2): 185-190. DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2013.10.008.

22.Kallio H, Pietilä AM, Johnson M, et al. Systematic methodological review: developing a framework for a qualitative semi-structured interview guide[J]. J Adv Nurs, 2016, 72(12): 2954-2965. DOI: 10.1111/jan.13031.

23.胡露红, 席新学, 熊沫, 等. 住院患者参与用药安全核查认知及态度的质性研究[J]. 护理学杂志, 2019, 34(13): 11-14. [Hu LH, Xi XX, Xiong M, et al. Hospitalized patients' views on participating in medication safety checking: a qualitative study[J].Journal of Nursing Science, 2019, 34(13): 11-14.] DOI: 10.3870/j.issn.1001-4152.2019.13.011.

24.刘明. Colaizzi七个步骤在现象学研究资料分析中的应用 [J].护理学杂志, 2019, 34(11): 90-92. [Liu M. Using an example to illustrate Colaizzi's phenomenological data analysis method[J].Journal of Nursing Science, 2019, 34(11): 90-92.] DOI: 10.3870/j.issn.1001-4152.2019.11.090.

25.陈丽玲, 康月明, 严胜男. 临床护士结构授权、心理授权与职业幸福感的相关性研究[J]. 当代护士, 2025, 32(2): 160-164. DOI: 10.19792/j.cnki.1006-6411.2025.02.039.

26.谭然, 曹英娟, 夏京花, 等. 护士发生用药错误心理体验质性研究的系统评价[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2020, 55(5): 740-746. [Tan R, Cao YJ, Xia JH, et al. Nurses' psychological experience of medication errors: a systematic review of qualitative studies[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2020, 55(5): 740-746.] DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2020.05.022.

27.Athanasakis E.A. Meta-synthesis of how registered nurses make sense of their lived experiences of medication errors[J]. J Clin Nurs, 2019, 28(17-18): 3077-3095. DOI: 10.1111/jocn.14917.

28.高丽佳, 汪晖. 护士共情能力及心理资本与职业倦怠的关系 [J].护理学杂志, 2024, 39(16): 56-59, 72. [Gao LJ, Wang H. The relationship between nurses' empathy, psychological capital and job burnout[J]. Journal of Nursing Science, 2024, 39(16): 56-59, 72.] DOI: 10.3870/j.issn.1001-4152.2024.16.056.

29.Choo J, Hutchinson A, Bucknall T. Nurses' role in medication safety[J]. J Nurs Manag, 2010, 18(7): 853-861. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01164.x.

30.刘皓昕, 黄丽丽, 王雨璇, 等. 儿科护士参与用药安全管理困境与应对体验的质性研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2024, 59(24): 3009-3016. [Liu HX, Huang LL, Wang YX, et al. A qualitative study on the dilemma and coping experience of pediatric nurses' participation in medication safety management[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2024, 59(24): 3009-3016.] DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.24.010.

31.季炳花. 规范药品说明书管理与学习对提高ICU护士安全用药能力的影响[J]. 中医药管理杂志, 2020, 28(24): 70-71. DOI: 10.16690/j.cnki.1007-9203.2020.24.036.

32.韩冰, 陈燕华, 王晖, 张美玲, 李功华. 药品说明书学习模式及其应用[J]. 医药导报, 2016, 35(9): 1027-1029. DOI: 10.3870/j.issn.1004-0781.2016.09.034.

33.李琳. 医院静配中心药品信息化管理的应用与分析[J]. 基层医学论坛, 2023, (10): 104-106, 113. [Li L. Application and analysis of drug information management in hospital static distribution center[J]. The Medical Forum, 2023, (10): 104-106, 113.] DOI: 10.19435/j.1672-1721.2023.10.033.

34.高建强, 林美仪, 苏炜. 医院信息化系统在门诊药房管理中的效果分析[J]. 智慧健康, 2024, 10(10): 148-150. [Gao JQ, Lin MY, Su W. Effect analysis of hospital information system in outpatient pharmacy management[J]. Smart Healthcare, 2024, 10(10): 148-150.] DOI: 10.19335/j.cnki.2096-1219.2024.10.044.

35.张伊楠, 吴汀溪, 赵志刚. 美国、欧盟和我国监管部门对药品获益-风险沟通管理与实践的研究[J]. 药物流行病学杂志, 2024, 33(1): 19-27. [Zhang YN, Wu TX, Zhao ZG. National competent authority regulation and practice of drug benefit-risk communication in the United States, European Union and China[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmacoepidemiology, 2024, 33(1): 19-27.] DOI: 10.12173/j.issn.1005-0698.202304099.

36.张小禹, 邓健志, 罗俊, 等. 基于目标检测的药品外观识别 [J]. 中国现代应用药学, 2024, 41(7): 983-989. [Zhang XY, Deng JZ, Luo J, et al. Drug appearance recognition based on object detection[J]. Chinese Journal of Modern Applied Pharmacy, 2024, 41(7): 983-989.] DOI: 10.13748/j.cnki.issn1007-7693.20223110.

37.杨思, 周蕾, 吕叶, 等. 医院药房药品调剂模式创新——以“高精度药品识别配送小车”为例[J]. 科技创新与应用, 2023, 13(4): 55-58. DOI: 10.19981/j.CN23-1581/G3.2023.04.013.

38.王玉群, 孟名柱. 准确识别门急诊药品包装盒的YOLO-V5深度学习预测模型的建立及初步应用[J]. 医药导报, 2024, 43(4): 661-667. [Wang YQ, Meng MZ. Establishment and initial application of YOLO-V5 deep learning prediction model for accurate identification of drug packaging in outpatient and emergency pharmacies[J]. Herald of Medicine, 2024, 43(4): 661-667.] DOI: 10.3870/j.issn.1004-0781.2024.04.030.

39.刁瑞刚, 王颖琳, 陆达, 等. 医院合理用药信息化建设创新实践[J]. 中国药业, 2024, 33(4): 18-22. [Diao RG, Wang YL, Lu D, et al. Innovative practice of information construction for rational drug use in a hospital[J]. China Pharmaceuticals, 2024, 33(4): 18-22.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-4931.2024.04.005.

40.张宇希, 胡建平, 周光华, 等. “十三五”时期卫生健康信息化发展及展望[J]. 中国卫生信息管理杂志, 2021, 18(3): 297-302, 318. [Zhang YX, Hu JP, Zhou GH, et al. The development and prospect of health informatization during the 13th Five-Year Plan period[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Informatics and Management, 2021, 18(3): 297-302, 318.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5166.2021.03.01.

41.王思婷, 韦丽华, 周薇, 等. 护理专业本科“循证护理”课程建设实践[J]. 数理医药学杂志, 2024, 37(5): 398-402. [Wang ST, Wei LH, Zhou W, et al. The practice of "Evidence-based Nursing" course construction for undergraduate nursing major[J]. Journal of Mathematical Medicine, 2024, 37(5): 398-402.] DOI: 10.12173/j.issn.1004-4337.202402040.

42.陈舟, 李慧, 罗兰, 等. 临床护士感知用药环境对用药安全能力影响的研究[J]. 护理管理杂志, 2024, 24(2): 161-165. [Chen Z, Li H, Luo L, et al. The influence of clinical nurses' perception of medication environment on medication safety competence[J]. Journal of Nursing Administration, 2024, 24(2): 161-165.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-315x.2024.02.014.

43.章迟, 李潇潇, 管晓东, 等. 看似听似药品管理问题探讨和建议[J]. 中国医院药学杂志, 2019, 39(21): 2201-2204, 2209. [Zhang C, Li XX, Guan XD, et al. Discussion and suggestion on management of look-alike and sound-alike drugs[J]. Chinese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 2019, 39(21): 2201-2204, 2209.] DOI: 10.13286/j.cnki.chinhosppharmacyj.2019.21.16.

44.Wong ZS. Statistical classification of drug incidents due to look-alike sound-alike mix-ups[J]. Health Informatics J, 2016, 22(2): 276-292. DOI: 10.1177/1460458214555040.

45.王进, 黄菲, 钱晓萍. 我院住院药房口服拆零药品外观特征分析[J]. 中国药业, 2020, 29(4): 50-52. [Wang J, Huang F, Qian XP. Analysis of the appearance features of oral dismounted drugs in the inpatient pharmacy of our hospital[J]. China Pharmaceuticals, 2020, 29(4): 50-52.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006- 4931.2020.04.017.

46.张楠楠, 寇洁, 常淑莹, 等. 护士用药安全能力对用药环境和用药不安全行为的调节效应[J]. 护理学杂志, 2022, 37(24): 30-34. [Zhang NN, Kou J, Chang SY, et al. Moderating effect of nurses' medication safety competence on the relationship between medication environment and unsafe medication behaviors[J]. Journal of Nursing Science, 2022, 37(24): 30-34.] DOI: 10.3870/j.issn.1001-4152.2022.24.030.

47.赵林博, 赵庆华. 医院-家庭过渡期跨学科协作药物重整研究进展[J]. 循证护理, 2022, 8(18): 2464-2467. [Zhao LB, Zhao QH. Research progress of interdisciplinary collaborative medication reconciliation ization in transitional period of hospital-family[J]. Chinese Evidence-based Nursing, 2022, 8(18): 2464-2467.] DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.2095-8668.2022.18.008.

48.程杰, 于奚. 用药环境对护士用药不安全行为影响的路径分析[J]. 中华现代护理杂志, 2020, 26(5): 583-588. [Cheng J, Yu X. Influence of medication environment on unsafe medication behaviors of nurses: a path analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing, 2020, 26(5): 583-588.] DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-2907.2020.05.005.