Objective  To conduct a visual analysis of the research hotspots and trends of glucocorticoids in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) both domestically and internationally.

Methods  The relevant literature from 2004 to 2024 on glucocorticoids use in SLE were retrieved in Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases. CiteSpace 6.3.R6 software was used to conduct bibliometric analysis of the number of publications, authors, research institutions, and keywords, and to draw knowledge maps.

Results  A total of 4,124 literature were retrieved, and 1,491 English literature and 593 Chinese literature were screened and included. The overall trend of English publications was increasing, while the number of Chinese publications declined in recent years. China is the most active country in this research field, but the research among authors and institutions was more dispersed. The results of keyword analysis showed that how to reduce the adverse reactions of glucocorticoids and special populations was the hotspots of research, with keywords such as “rheumatoid arthritis” “damage” “belimumab” “children” “pregnancy”. Future research trends would be likely to focus on the assessment of treatment efficacy, prolonged remission, and reduction of disease-related injuries, with emergent keywords such as “validation” “prolonged remission” “treatment efficacy” “renal function”.

Conclusion  The use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of SLE continues to be the focus of the research, but with the increasing concern about adverse reactions, the research focus is gradually moving towards optimizing treatment regimens and exploring novel therapies. Future research needs to focus more on individualized treatment, long-term efficacy assessment and clinical application of emerging therapies.

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