To improve the attention of medical staff to Parkinson's related withdrawal malignant syndrome and promote the safety of perioperative medication. The treatment process of malignant syndrome caused by perioperative withdrawal of anti Parkinson drugs in an elderly patient was analyzed retrospectively. The patient stopped taking levodopa/benserazide hydrochloride tablets because of orthopedic surgery. The patient developed fever, consciousness disorder, creatine kinase elevation and muscle rigidity after operation. On the second day after the onset of symptoms, the patient resumed levodopa/benserazide hydrochloride tablets, and memantine was added. At the same time, the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit. Pharmacists summarize the literature on the identification and prognosis of Parkinson's drug withdrawal malignant syndrome, provide monitoring and medication advice to the patients’ treatment. The patient's body temperature fell to normal on the second day after recovering Parkinson's drug treatment, he opened his eyes when called on the third day, and he was conscious on the eleventh day. As postoperative infection can not be excluded, cefoperazone sulbactam was administrated for 7 days. According to literature analysis, anti Parkinson's disease withdrawal syndrome symptoms occurred about 1-4 days after drug withdrawal, and symptoms relieved about 1-10 days after drug recovery. Anti-Parkinson drugs should not be stopped suddenly during perioperative period. If necessary, it is recommended to resume treatment in time after operation in case of drug withdrawal malignant syndrome.

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