Objective A network Meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined with conventional therapy in treating female stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Methods A computer search was conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, SinoMed, WanFang Data, VIP, and CNKI databases from inception to July 31, 2025, to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) combined with conventional treatment for female SUI. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias using RoB 2.0. A network Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 and Addis 1.16.7.

Results A total of 45 RCTs involving 3,992 patients and 14 types of TCM were included. Most combination therapy regimens improved the overall clinical efficacy rate, reduced the ICI-Q-SF score, enhanced TCM syndrome patterns and quality of life, and decreased the frequency of 24-hour urinary incontinence (P<0.05); no statistically significant differences were observed between groups regarding urine leakage volume in the 1-hour urine pad test (P>0.05). For overall clinical efficacy rate, the top 3 in overall efficacy were Zhibai Dihuang Decoction, Kuntai Capsules, and Guifu Dihuang Pills; the top 3 for symptom improvement were Huangqi Danggui Powder, Wenshen Bupi Formula, and Qishi Granules; and the top 3 for improvement in syndrome patterns and quality of life were Shouquan Granules, Bushen Shugan Formula, and Guifu Dihuang Pills.

Conclusion The combination of TCM with conventional medical treatment can improve the clinical efficacy rate of SUI in women, alleviate symptoms, and enhance quality of life, with varying therapeutic effects observed across different interventions. However, as the quality of evidence in this study is low, safety data are lacking, the prescription ranking is only provided for probabilistic reference. High-quality standardized RCTs are still needed to further validate the efficacy and safety of the protocol.

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