A 59-year-old male patient developed fatigue and lower back pain approximately six months after taking capecitabine tablets for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, laboratory tests showed total bilirubin 20.0 μmol·L^-1, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 76.0 U·L^-1, creatine kinase 1,797.0 U·L^-1, lactic dehydrogenase 376.0 U·L^-1, α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 326.0 U·L^-1, serum creatinine (SCr) 100.6 μmol·L^-1, diagnosed as elevated creatine kinase, liver and kidney dysfunction. Subsequent follow-up examination showed sustained elevation of creatine kinase, two months later, laboratory reexamination showed total bilirubin 25.2 μmol·L^-1, AST 91.0 U·L^-1, creatine kinase 3,096.0 U·L^-1, lactic dehydrogenase 564.0 U·L^-1, α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 542.0 U·L^-1, SCr 117.7 μmol·L^-1, diagnosed as rhabdomyolysis, liver and kidney dysfunction. After capecitabine was discontinued and the patient was admitted to the hospital for one week of treatment, his symptoms such as fatigue and back pain, as well as laboratory indicators improved. An analysis and evaluation were conducted on the correlation between adverse reactions such as rhabdomyolysis, liver and kidney dysfunction in patients and capecitabine, and the result was very likely related. This case suggests that capecitabine can induce rhabdomyolysis, liver and kidney dysfunction, which should be highly regarded in clinical practice.

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