Objective  To observe the curative effect of cold and fever-curing mixture combined with atomized recombinant human interferon α1b in the treatment of influenza B in children.

Methods  A total of 80 children with influenza B admitted to Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to June 2022 were randomly divided into two groups with 40 cases in each group. The control group was treated with atomized recombinant human interferon α1b, and the study group was treated with cold and fever mixture combined with atomized recombinant human interferon α1b. To evaluate the efficacy, recovery [whether influenza B virus antigen (IBV-Ag) in nasopharyngeal swabs turned negative, whether serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP) and body temperature returned to normal] and safety of the two groups. The changes of immune indexes (CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺) and inflammatory factors [serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interferon γ (IFN-γ)] before and after treatment were compared between two groups.

Results  The total effective rate of the study group was 90.00%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group 70.00% after treatment (P<0.05); and the proportion of IBV-Ag to negative and the proportion of SAA, CRP and normal body temperature in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺ in both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05), while the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4, IFN-γ and CD8⁺ in serum were significantly lower than those in the previous year (P<0.01), and the above indexes in the study group were significantly better than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between two groups (P>0.05).

Conclusion  The treatment of influenza B in children with cold and fever mixture combined with atomized recombinant human interferon α1b has good effect, can promote the recovery of children, enhance immunity, improve the level of inflammatory factors, and is safe.

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